Ante la constante aparición de nuevas interfaces de creación musical, es pertinente cuestionar si el computador musical es el camino o sólo una de tantas opciones creativas en el panorama de la música contemporánea. El presente texto, expone diversas posibilidades para el desarrollo de la música por computador, planteando el problema del timbre como punto de partida en la implementación de tecnología aplicada a la música.
Publicaciones
Doctorado en Arte Contemporáneo Latinoamericano
Facultad de Bellas Artes.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata- Director: Prof. Eduardo Russo
Propuesta de tema y plan para la Tesis doctoral
Autor: Anzil, Sergio Iván
Director: Basso, Gustavo Jorge
Co-Director: Mastropietro, Carlos Mario
Doctorado en Arte Contemporáneo Latinoamericano. Facultad de Bellas Artes. Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Director: Prof. Eduardo Russo
Tesis doctoral
Diseño experimental. TRABAJO EN DESARROLLO.
Autor: Iván Anzil
Objetivos
L’acousmoscribe est un logiciel que j’ai conçu et qui a été développé par le SCRIME. Cet éditeur de partitions acousmatiques sera très prochainement proposé en téléchargement libre sur le site du SCRIME, et est basé sur l’unité minimale de la musique électroacoustique que j’ai décrite en détail (ems06). J’en rappelle rapidement la définition :
l’unité minimale (ou « phase ») se définit comme tout son présentant une unité de processus, quelle que soit sa durée.
Toute phase se décompose en 4 « profils » qui obéissent à 3 processus : augmentation, diminution ou stabilité : les profils mélodique, rythmique, harmonique et dynamique.
La notation va donc s’attacher à décrire les différents profils de chaque son, tout en ayant un souci de clarté (actuellement, l’acousmoscribe permet environ 20 000 combinaisons). Les notations les plus performantes (alphabet, solfège) sont toutes basées sur l’unité minimale. Cette notation symbolique s’est efforcée de respecter les réquisits syntaxiques et sémantiques établis par Nelson Goodman (Langages de l’art, 1990).
Abstract
This paper sets out ideas for the differentiation of formal designs that can be found in acousmatic ‘storytelling’. Barthes (1977: 79) regarded narrative as an ‘international, transhistorical, transcultural’ phenomenon, ‘simply there, like life itself.’ Its potential in acousmatic music to carry meaning through narrative in original ways is the catalyst for this paper.
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If considered a machine, the listening body becomes fluid. Its function is only specific to the connections it forms with other machines. (Deleuze and Guattari: 1988, 4) What it means, according to Deleuze and Guattari, is what it does. (Ibid) My first experience of listening to electroacoustic music was not a musical one. What the music did to me was force me to rethink many years of classical training. My reaction, as was echoed by most of my peers, was that ‘this is NOT music’. It called into question everything I thought I knew about music.
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1. Introduction
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This paper documents sound recording approaches for immersive multiple loudspeaker acousmatic composition. The notion that spectrum and spatiality are inseparable is supported by perspective-based recording approaches (foreground, middleground and background) that serve to simplify real-world sound environments. A hybrid approach is proposed as findings suggest that it is not possible to limit recording, and in turn re-presentation, to one optimal method.
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The paper discusses how electroacoustic music has developed, and develops rapidly, with the technologies and societies that nourish it. Core values, aesthetic directions and artistic concerns have changed over time, as has public interest and focus in the various aesthetic iterations of technology-based music.
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Quelle est aujourd'hui la place de la musique électroacoustique sur la place publique? Quel est le rôle des institutions — studio de production, centre de recherche, institutions d'enseignement — dans le portrait général de la musique électroacoustique? Combien y a-t-il de sociétés de concert électroacoustique professionnelles dans le monde? À qui s'adressent les musiques électroacoustiques d'aujourd'hui? Autrement dit, pour paraphraser un titre utilisé par le GRM dans les années 70, L'électroacoustique du futur a-t-elle un avenir?
1. Tracing the author's encounters with and incorporation of Auditory Scene Analysis
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The word 'Texture' has a common use among spanish and english spoken musicians. However it seems to have a precise musical meaning for not a long time ago. For example: it didn´t appeared as such until 1954 in the Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians edition, and it didn´t has a reference in the 1933 edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. And there´s a very similar situation in Spanish.
From time to time I hear a categorical commentary about myself that lets me thinking on the limitations of the intellectual capacities of the people who make it; a very irritating situation: “Flo, take care, the tropical tempest of this afternoon will cut off the energy for many hours!” This fact implies in their vision that I cannot make my music as long as we have no electricity.
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La musique « a priori » á été l’objet du réflexion du « Traité des objets musicaux » de Pierre Schaeffer :
« A partir de la musique sérielle dont les règles, déjà, se formulaient comme une algèbre, se sont élaborées des « musiques a priori », dont le souci dominant parait être celui de la rigueur intellectuelle, et d’une totale emprise de l’intelligence abstraite….«(1966, p. 20)
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Las diferencias que existen entre los materiales sonoros y visuales han sido objeto de complejas polémicas sobre las correspondencias entre sus propiedades. Artistas y teóricos de distintos perfiles (como Wagner, Kandinsky, Eisenstein, Schoenberg, McLaren y Chion, entre otros) se han enfocado en esta situación desde diversos ángulos. Sin embargo, las relaciones que se pueden establecer entre sonido e imagen al interior de procesos creativos parecen obedecer a lógicas complejas que han sido difíciles de formalizar.
El concepto de transducción ha sido evocado en investigaciones previas en referencia a una técnica utilizada para establecer circulaciones de información entre elementos de la imagen y el sonido en la composición asistida por computadora (Sedes et al., 2003). Este artículo aborda el concepto de transducción como una herramienta para describir y analizar los mecanismos que permiten crear transferencias de elementos entre los ámbitos sonoro y visual a diferentes niveles de procesos de composición. El objetivo es establecer un marco conceptual en el que sonidos e imágenes puedan ser puestos en interacción a través de la transducción. Varias disciplinas (tales como la composición musical, las artes visuales, la musicología, las ciencias cognitivas, la arte-terapia, entre otras) podrían beneficiarse de la aplicación de este concepto.
This paper closes a cycle intended to encourage advanced wind instruments and composition students from the School of Music, Rosario National University, in the mixed media works practice. As the result of our work, we developed a pedagogic method, which is, at present, in its experimental phase. This method is currently being implemented in Max/MSP.
At the beginning of this research, theoretical fundamentals were set based on the following fields related to the contemporary composition techniques:
Sound object perception, problems related to durations and rhythmic grouping, use of instrumental extended techniques and work on musical notations. It was in the course of the research (after the first practices), when the need arose to extend the theoretical framework and include other features, such as gesture and representation.
Heritage and Future...an enticing proposition for the forthcoming EMS09 symposium in Buenos Aires. Heritage, our common memory, the many things we have shared during this last half century of electroacoustic music. I will leave the future to the younger and more savvy colleagues, for myself perhaps I should stay closer to the heritage, the memories of the recent past. I must confess that there are things that frighten me. One could be the rapid pace of our changing technology. Is it truly necessary to have to adapt to these constant and accelerating changes? Could we make an effort to 'extend a little' the validity of earlier technological moments? Scanning some significant steps that have taken place say, since Pierre Schaeffer...You will be surprised... paste discs and turntables – 78 rpms – 33 and why not, 45 rpm; the mono to stereo conversion; the early multitracks with 4 or 8 channels, then 16 or more; analog tape; DAT recorders; MP3s; sample-to-disk; the world of voltage control and MIDI; diffusion and multichanneling, from Varése, Stockhausen, Normandeau... 5.1, 9.1, and 16.2 sound; Multi-Channel Digital Projectors; well the list is long.
This paper introduces the ongoing ElectroAcoustic Resource Site Pedagogical Project, or EARS II, in some detail. EARS II is to become an online educational resource for two groups of users: children of ca. 11-14 years of age as well as people of all ages who have little to no knowledge of electroacoustic music and undergraduate students embarking upon a study of electroacoustic music. EARS II is based on a holistic approach linking appreciation to understanding and creative application. The paper’s goal is to share the project vision and provide an update concerning how far the project team has come. The project is the second phase of the original EARS site (www.ears.dmu.ac.uk) as well as the second phase of the Music, Technology and Innovation Research Centre’s Intention/Reception project.
The question of what listeners do when listening to electroacoustic music is considered and discussed in its relation to everyday listening. Specific cognitive mechanisms and idioms of electroacoustic music are examined that give rise to artistic meaning, meaning that includes the embodied sense of the flow of felt experience as well as the continuous emotional assessment of context. The importance of context for meaning is considered as well as the role of cognitive blending, especially the conceptual blending that creates analogy and compression in many electroacoustic works.
One of the most influential paradigms in contemporary music is the so called “liberation of sound” (LALITTE, 2005) or “aesthetics of sonority” (GUIGUE, 2007), by which music came to be composed not just with notes but with sound itself. Exploration of timbres, acoustics and the movement away from twelve-tone compositional processes are well illustrated by futurism, microtonalism and the music of Varèse, to name a few examples in the first half of 20th century. However, electroacoustic music can be considered the height of this historical and aesthetic development. Composers who passed by the proliferating studios were noticeably inspired and some of them didn't return to instrumental non-recorded means (for DELALANDE, 2001, the invention of recording was music's “second technological revolution” after the first one, music notation). Nowadays almost every western musician is, at least indirectly —and very often unconsciously—, influenced by these “spectromorphological structuring processes” (SMALLEY, 1986 and 1997).
The heritage of electroacoustic music has included repertoire and resources which present unique problems in terms of preservation and archiving due to technical and non-technical materials utilized, unique performance and presentation venues needed, and lack of planning and consideration of the possible significance of the works. This has lead to a loss of historical content which may be invaluable to future generations of electroacoustic musicians. The author of the paper has encountered the disadvantages of this lack of preservation in her own research of the works of Carla Scaletti, Ruth Anderson, and Annea Lockwood.
Que deviendront nos créations numériques dans cinquante ou cent ans ?
L'irruption de la technologie dans la création contemporaine et plus particulièrement dans les musiques électroacoustiques a complètement bouleversé les modalités de production et d'archivage. Aux problèmes de conservation déjà bien connus : sauvegarde des partitions, des instruments et des techniques associées, est venu s'ajouter le problème général de la sauvegarde d'un ensemble hétérogène – voire hétéroclite - d'éléments contribuant à la réalité des œuvres. Dans ce contexte, et dans la perspective de pouvoir représenter les œuvres dans le futur, il devient nécessaire de développer des stratégies nouvelles de préservation permettant de restituer dans futur inconnu les composantes des œuvres et les œuvres elles-mêmes.